The Truth About Crime - Sources

In our politically correct society, an honest discussion about crime and the causes of criminality is often prevented by emotional hysteria. What are the indicators and predictors of criminality? Is crime simply a natural byproduct of poverty? Does the prevalence of single motherhood impact criminality? Do crime rates differ by race/ethnicity? What does the Warrior Gene - Monoamine oxidase A (MAO-A) 2R - have to do with criminality and aggression? What is the truth about crime?
 

Crime by Race

Because of the obscure way in which the FBI reports the race and ethnicity of offenders, we had to make several approximations. First off, Hispanic data is separated from race data and is broken down to "Hispanic" or "not Hispanic" for the entire dataset. While it is safe to assume that most Hispanics were classified as white because of the colour of their skin, we didn't want to make any assumptions. To figure out the percentage of Hispanic offenders and separate it from the white, black, asian etc. race categories, we used Census data on how Hispanics identify themselves racially. Not surprisingly, the vast majority of them identify as white, and very few consider themselves black. Given the very low percentage of black Hispanics, we counted "Some Other Race" as white. Another problem with the FBI dataset was the vast number of "Unknown" reported offenders. Because we couldn't make any reasonable assumptions about the race of the unknown offenders, we used the arrest tables as a proxy for the distribution of crime by race.

https://www.fbi.gov/about-us/cjis/ucr/crime-in-the-u.s/2014/crime-in-the-u.s.-2014

http://www.census.gov/prod/cen2010/briefs/c2010br-04.pdf#page=15

2014 City Crime Data:

City data from the U.S. Census Bureau: http://www.census.gov

City Crime data from the FBI: https://www.fbi.gov/about-us/cjis/ucr/crime-in-the-u.s/2014/crime-in-the-u.s.-2014/tables/table-6

Historical Crime

http://www.ucrdatatool.gov/

Unemployment

http://www.bls.gov/cps/cpsrace2013.pdf#page=43

Poverty and Welfare

http://cis.org/Welfare-Use-Immigrant-Native-Households

http://www.cam.ac.uk/research/news/morality-prevents-crime

http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-2163974/Poverty-excuse-crime-morality-biggest-factor-claims-Cambridge-University-study.html

Single Mothers and Divorce

http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/nvss.htm

https://www.census.gov/hhes/families/data/families.html

Intelligence

http://www.amazon.com/The-Factor-Evolution-Behavior-Intelligence/dp/0275961036

http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0160289610001340

Genetics

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18212819

https://www.soc.umn.edu/~uggen/Caspi_SCI_02.pdf

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25082653

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4369574

http://www.antoniocasella.eu/archipsy/Beaver_2013.pdf

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16801953

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monoamine_oxidase_A#Aggression_and_the_.22Warrior_gene.22

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2756753

Spanking Prevalence

http://www.childtrends.org/?indicators=attitudes-toward-spanking

http://www.nbcnews.com/news/asian-america/are-asian-american-parents-less-likely-spank-their-children-n221171

http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2009/09/090924231749.htm